Manual breastmilk pump

ABSTRACT

An easy to assemble breastmilk pump with an effective and easy to operate manual pumping mechanism that allows in one aspect for one-handed or two-handed operation, a novel piston pump mechanism in another aspect of the invention, an improved vacuum regulator in yet another aspect that can be easily adjusted during operation, and a locking mechanism in still another aspect to prevent accidental disengagement of the reciprocating parts during operation.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention generally relates to breastmilk pumps, and more particularly relates to a new and improved breastmilk pump with an effective and easy to operate manual pumping mechanism, a mechanism for one-handed or two-handed operation, and an improved vacuum regulator.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Breastmilk pumps are well known and generally comprise a hood body or breast shield that fits over the breast, a vacuum pump connected to the hood body for generating an intermittent reduced pressure or vacuum within the hood body, and a receptacle for the expressed milk. Examples of these pumps are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,857,051 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,964,851.

[0003] An aspect of the design of a manually driven pump has been the amount of effort required to use the pump. As the user's hand tired, the suction created may decrease, as well as the stroke rate, thus decreasing the effectiveness of the pumping action. Manufacturing costs have also been a consideration because of numerous pieces that may be required in the construction of these pumps. Regulating the vacuum pressure created by the pumping action is also a consumer design consideration. Solutions to these problems are presented in this invention as are other innovations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The present invention has a principal objective of providing a manual pump that is easy to operate. In one embodiment, vacuum is created by sliding a closed-end cylinder over a pump tube extending from the hood body. The user grasps the outer circumference of the cylinder and gently glides the cylinder over the pump tube. This pumping design is considered easier to manipulate than the traditional design of a movable piston rod reciprocating within a stationary cylinder. As applied to an inventive breast pump, the user generates reduced pressure or vacuum with a simple, nonstressful hand movement which utilizes better-suited muscle groups for pumping.

[0005] In addition, a locking means has been developed to prevent the cylinder from disengaging from the pump tube after reaching the position which generates the maximum reduced pressure (maximum stroke). The locking means is simple to engage or disengage, such as for cleaning of the pump elements.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide an improved mechanism for regulating the vacuum created by the pumping action, which mechanism can be manipulated during use to adjust the amount of suction generated by a pumping stroke. One aspect of the present invention is having the regulator on the breast pump unit adjacent the hood body. A rotary member with an internal groove or passage communicating with the atmosphere connects to a ported structure and rotates about the structure to regulate the reduced pressure generated, by variously exposing the ports to ambient air. The reciprocating action of the cylinder over the pump tube then draws a predetermined amount of air through one or more of the ports to modify the amount of vacuum.

[0007] Also, while one of the goals of this invention is to provide a user with a handy, low-cost, low maintenance manual pump, aspects of this invention can be further modified to allow use with motor driven pumps.

[0008] In another embodiment of the invention, a lever drive mechanism is added to a piston-type pump configuration, which has a movable piston rod inside a stationary cylinder. The lever arrangement allows a user to operate the pump with one hand by grasping the lever and piston cylinder in one hand. As the lever is moved toward the cylinder, the piston rod slides toward the rear of the cylinder under action from the lever, creating a negative pressure in the pump. A spring action to return the lever, and the piston rod, to the starting position when the user releases the lever, can also advantageously be added. The relative position of the pump and lever makes the pump easy to operate and maintain its position on the breast.

[0009] In another aspect of the invention, a breast pump is adapted for use with one or both hands. Using the foregoing embodiment having the lever mechanism for one-handed operation as an example, the piston is provided with a hand-graspable part that extends out of the pump cylinder. The hand-graspable part can be reciprocated independently of the lever mechanism for two-handed operation. One-handed operation is provided by the lever mechanism, and another two-handed mode is provided by holding the pump in place with one hand and reciprocating the piston with the hand graspable part of the piston rod.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010]FIG. 1 is a side elevational view showing a first embodiment of an improved breast pump made in accordance with the present invention, with the cylinder engaged over the pump tube;

[0011]FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with the cylinder reciprocated toward the rear end of the pump tube;

[0012]FIG. 3 is a view similar to that of FIG. 2 showing the cylinder in the position of FIG. 1;

[0013]FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the vacuum regulator taken along line 44 of FIG. 1;

[0014]FIG. 5 is a side elevational sectional view of a second embodiment made in accordance with the present invention showing the piston rod in the relaxed or start position;

[0015]FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of the second embodiment showing the position of the lever and the piston rod of the one-hand-operated breast pump when the piston rod is in the position where the maximum amount of reduced pressure is created;

[0016]FIG. 7 is a side elevational view showing a third embodiment of an improved breast pump made in accordance with the present invention, showing the various parts comprising the breast pump;

[0017]FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the cylinder of the third embodiment;

[0018]FIG. 9 is a side view of the cylinder of the third embodiment;

[0019]FIG. 10 is a frontal view of the cylinder of FIG. 9 showing the post extending downwardly therefrom;

[0020]FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view of the post taken along line A-A of FIG. 10;

[0021]FIG. 12 is a bottom view of the post of FIG. 11;

[0022]FIG. 13 is an enlarged side elevational view of the pump tube and additional elements of FIG. 7;

[0023]FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the embodiment depicted in FIG. 13; and

[0024]FIG. 15 is an enlarged sectional view of the end piece depicted in FIG. 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0025] A first embodiment of a manually operable breast pump, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, has a hood body or shield 1 having two sections: a funnel shaped front section 2 and a tubular extension 3 extending therefrom. A vacuum regulator 8 is positioned on the hood body 1. A cylinder 4 has an end cap 5.

[0026] The cylinder 4 is slidably engaged over a pump tube 30. When the cylinder 4 is reciprocated to the rear end 30 a of the pump tube 30, as depicted in FIG. 2, reduced pressure or vacuum is created. A suitable substantially airtight engagement between the cylinder 4 and the pump tube 30 is provided as by a sliding interference-type fit, or a gasket or the like. The gasket (such as gasket 41 shown in FIG. 7) fits in annular groove 46.

[0027] When the cylinder 4 is reciprocated to the forward position, i.e., a compression stroke, as depicted in FIGS. 1 and 3, the increased pressure is released, such as through a mechanism as shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,929,229, which is incorporated herein by reference. Vacuum is also released on the rearward stroke through vent hole 26 in the cylinder 4 which is uncovered when the pump reaches the maximum stroke, as depicted in FIG. 3. The pumping action is created by reciprocating the cylinder 4 over the pump tube 30, thereby generating intermittent vacuum that is communicated to the shield 1.

[0028] The pump tube 30 is in communication with a collection or catch chamber 6, a vacuum passage 7, and the vacuum regulator 8. The catch chamber 6 extends downwardly from the tubular extension 3, and a container 9 for holding the expressed milk is attachable thereto in a known manner.

[0029] A separation wall 25 extends downwardly from the tubular extension and in advance of the vacuum passage 7. The bottom of the separation wall 25 extends below the level of the vacuum passage 7 to block expressed milk flowing from the hood body 1 from entering the vacuum passage 7.

[0030] The vacuum regulator 8 modifies the amount of reduced pressure generated by the pumping action. The regulator 8 comprises a rotary member 10 with an internal groove or passage 32 and with plurality of raised bumps 11 (see, e.g., FIG. 4) on the surface of the rotary member having indicia thereon to indicate to the user the vacuum settings. The rotary member 10 has hollow ends. One hollow end encircles a ported structure 13 in the form of a nub that extends out of the front wall of the pump tube 30, having a pair of holes or ports 12. The rotary member 10 fits within a cavity 34 formed in the hood body 1. The ported nub 13 is at one end of the cavity, and a boss 14 is at the other end. The other hollow end of rotary member 10 is received on the boss 14 to rotate thereon. Reduced pressure is adjusted by positioning the internal groove 32 of the rotary member 10 over one, both or neither of ports 12 of the ported nub 13. The internal groove 32 is open to atmosphere. The ports 12 extend into the interior of the hood body 1. Depending upon whether the internal groove 32 is over one port or both ports 12, suction or reduced pressure is thereby modified by allowing air to bleed into the pump tube 30 through the vacuum regulator 8. The regulator 8 is easily rotated, and conveniently located, allowing the user to manipulate it with one finger, if desired.

[0031] A valve mechanism 15 is located at the lower portion of catch chamber 6. The valve mechanism 15 is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,929,229, with a flexible disk 16 mounted to cover openings in a valve housing 17 in a flap-valve fashion. When the breast pump is operated, the disk 16 is caused to close underlying apertures in the valve housing 17 under negative pressure, thus closing the collection chamber 6. When the vacuum is released, milk collected in the collection chamber 6 flows downwardly into the container 9 through the apertures past the disk 16. The valve housing 17 may be attached to the outside of a short tubular extension of the collection chamber 6 via a snug interference fit.

[0032] A locking means 18 for preventing the cylinder from accidentally disengaging from the tubular extension is also provided. An angled latch mechanism 18 a formed on the pump tube 30 is depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3. The angled latch mechanism 18 a has one end integral with the pump tube 30 with a free end that can engage in a groove or slot 18 b formed adjacent the open end of the cylinder 4.

[0033]FIG. 2 depicts the pump in the position when the cylinder 4 is fully reciprocated toward the rear end of the pump tube 30, i.e., the point of maximum reduced pressure, at which point the angled latch mechanism is engaged in the groove 18 b. The latch 18 a is resilient, and is biased to engage the inside wall of cylinder 4. The locking means 18 is designed to allow the user to selectively disengage the cylinder 4 from the pump tube 30. A surface 43 of the latch mechanism 18 a is angled in ramp-like fashion so that cylinder 4 can slide over the angled latch mechanism 18 a when the cylinder 4 is moved over the pump tube 30 to the forward position (compression). The angled latch mechanism 18 a also has a vertical edge 44 extending upward at the end of the angled latch mechanism 18 a which vertical edge catches in the groove 18 b of the locking means 18 to prevent the cylinder 4 from disengaging from the pump tube 30 as the cylinder 4 completes the maximum stroke. Latch 18 can be depressed in the locked position to allow the cylinder to be removed from the pump tube 30.

[0034] In another embodiment, depicted in FIGS. 5 and 6, the breast pump is designed for one-handed or two-handed operation. It will be noted that in this as well as all embodiments herein, like numbers are used for substantially identical parts. Prime and double prime numbers are used for similar but modified parts.

[0035] In this second embodiment, a piston rod 19 has a piston 36 which is reciprocated within a pump cylinder 40. A tubular extension 3 of the hood body 1 in this second embodiment is in communication with a collection chamber 6′, a vacuum passage 7′, and the cylinder 40. The piston rod 19 is received within the cylinder 40 and creates a vacuum as the piston rod 19 reciprocates the piston 36 within the cylinder 40. A gasket 41′ is provided in an annular groove formed around the piston 36 to sealingly engage the interior sidewall of the cylinder 40.

[0036] A lever 20 is pivotally mounted on the piston rod 19 via a pin 21. The lever 20 allows the user to operate the pump efficiently and easily using one hand to move the lever 20 to reciprocate the piston rod 19 within the cylinder 40. When the user squeezes the lever 20 from the position of FIG. 5 to a position adjacent or against the cylinder 40, the lever 20 uses the end edge 40a of the cylinder 40 as a fulcrum to move the piston rod 19 outwardly from the cylinder 40, as depicted in FIG. 6, thereby creating reduced pressure within the pump. The lever 20 could be returned to the position in FIG. 5 through manipulation of a handle 19 a to push the piston rod 19 back into the cylinder 40, but preferably a spring return can be used to pull the piston rod 19 back to its forward position, fully received within the cylinder 40. The spring return may be located within the cylinder 40 and may comprise a spring 38, one end of which is mounted on a post 37 inside the cylinder 40. The other end of the spring 38 is mounted on a flange 39 extending from the piston rod 19 adjacent the pin 21.

[0037] By positioning of the lever 20 in relation to the cylinder 40 so that the pumping action is created by the user closing her hand around the lever 20 and cylinder 40, the pump is ergonomically designed to rely on more correct muscle groups in the user's hand to create and maintain the pumping action. Utilizing the correct muscle groups is important so that the user does not tire or cramp during the pumping process. Fatigue leads to fluctuations in the pumping pressure, which causes ineffective and inefficient pumping.

[0038] In this embodiment, an air release flap valve 22 (similar to that in U.S. Pat. No. 4,929,229) covers one or more apertures 23 at the front of cylinder 40 to allow air to escape from the cylinder 40 on the forward (compression) stroke.

[0039] A locking means 48 is incorporated into the pump to prevent the piston rod 19 from accidentally disengaging from the cylinder 40 as it is moved toward the open end 40 a of the cylinder 40. The locking means comprises a channel 48 b on the cylinder 40 in which a pin 48 a extending outwardly from the piston travels. The channel 48 b allows the piston rod 19 to reciprocate in the manner described. To selectively disengage the piston rod 19 from the cylinder 40, the pin 48 a exits through a J-shaped section of channel 48 c by aligning the pin with a portion of the J-shaped channel communicating with channel 48 b and rotating and then removing the piston rod 19 causing the pin to move through the channel portion 48 c.

[0040] As in the first embodiment, the collection chamber 6′ extends downwardly from the tubular extension 3, and a container 9 for holding the expressed milk is attachable thereto. A separation wall 25′ extends downwardly from the tubular extension and in advance of the vacuum passage 7′. The bottom of the separation wall 25′ extends below the level of the vacuum passage 7′ to block expressed milk flowing from the hood body 1 from entering the vacuum passage 7. Similarly, a-valve mechanism 15, preferably of the type and for the purpose described in the first embodiment, is located at the lower portion of collection chamber 6.

[0041] This embodiment may also be adapted to utilize a vacuum regulator. For example, a regulator of the type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,857,051 may be readily adapted for use with this pump.

[0042] One-handed operation of the breast pump of FIGS. 5 and 6 has thus been described. The breast pump is also adapted for two-handed operation, should the user so desire. This is accomplished through the provision of a graspable extension 19 a on the piston rod 19. The extension or grip 19 a is made for the user to be able to grasp the same and push and pull it to reciprocate the piston 36. Obviously, with a spring-retum mechanism such as shown with the lever mechanism 20, the user would simply need to pull the grip formed by the extension 19 a, and then allow it to return under influence of the spring 38. Two modes of manually operating the pump are thereby provided.

[0043] In a third embodiment of a manually operable breast pump, as shown in FIGS. 7-15, the breast pump has a hood body 1 having two sections: a funnel shaped front section 2 and a tubular extension 3 extending therefrom. Like the first embodiment, a pump tube 30′ is in communication with the tubular extension 3 of the hood body 1. A cylinder 4′ with end cap 5′ is slidably engaged over the pump tube 30′. The end cap 5′ herein has an end portion 50 which extends into the cylinder 4′ reducing the air space in the cylinder 4′ to a desired volume. The end cap 5′ can be made removable from the cylinder 4′for cleaning.

[0044] When the cylinder 4′ is reciprocated to the rear end of the pump tube 30′ with an annular groove 46, reduced pressure or vacuum is created. When the cylinder 4′ reaches the position of maximum stroke, a vent hole (or holes) 26 is uncovered, releasing the vacuum. The pumping action is created by reciprocating the cylinder 4′ over the pump tube 30′, thereby generating intermittent vacuum. A flexible gasket ring 41 fits over the rear end of the pump tube 30′ in groove 46 to seal the pump tube to the cylinder 4′ in a sliding engagement.

[0045] The pump tube 30′ is in further communication with a collection chamber 6″, a vacuum passage 7″, and a vacuum regulator 8. The collection chamber 6″ extends downwardly from the tubular extension 3, and a container 9 for holding the expressed milk is attachable thereto in a known manner.

[0046] A separation wall 25″ extends downwardly from the tubular extension and in advance of the vacuum passage 7″. The bottom of the separation wall 25″ extends below the level of the vacuum passage 7″ to block expressed milk flowing from the hood body 1 from entering the vacuum passage 7″.

[0047] The vacuum regulator 8 (FIG. 7) is positioned on the outer wall of the hood body 1, and specifically in this embodiment, on the outer wall of the tubular extension 3, and functions in the same manner as described in detail in the first embodiment of this invention. Similarly, a valve mechanism 15, preferably of the type and for the purpose described in the first embodiment, is located at the lower portion of collection chamber 6.

[0048] In this embodiment, another locking means is used. A post or tooth 27 (FIGS. 9-11) extends downwardly from the top of the inner wall of the cylinder 4′ adjacent the front end of the cylinder 4′. As the cylinder is engaged over the pump tube 30′, the post 27 is directed into a portion of a J-shaped channel 58 c formed on the exterior of pump tube 30′. The post 27 travels along channel 58 c, and is then rotated (via the cylinder 4′) so that the post 27 can travel into a second channel 58 b on the outside of the cylinder. During the pumping action, the post 27 reciprocates within the second channel 58 b, which prevents the cylinder 4′ from accidentally disengaging from the pump tube 30′. The cylinder 4′ can be selectively removed for cleaning by directing the post 27 back out through channel 58 c.

[0049] A shield insert 42 may be inserted into the funnel-shaped section of the hood body or breast shield 1 of this embodiment, or any of the preceding embodiments. For example, this insert 42 may be of the type used to adapt the breast shield for smaller breasts.

[0050] The flexible gasket ring 41 can be placed on the annular groove 46 of the pump tube 30′ during extended periods of storage without risk that it may become deformed or take a set, because the diameter of the cylinder 4′ is increased slightly in the area at point 45 on the cylinder where the cylinder, when fully engaged over the length of the pump tube 30′, would be positioned over the gasket 41 and pump tube 30′ during storage.

[0051] While the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, those having skill in the art will recognize modifications of elements and structure which may facilitate the application of the invention, but which still fall within the scope of the invention. For instance, while this invention has been described in an environment of a breast pump, it could be utilized in other applications. 

I claim:
 1. A breast pump having two modes of manual operation, comprising: a hood body for placement over a breast, said hood body having a funnel-shaped portion within which the breast is received; a piston pump connecting with said funnel-shaped portion, said piston pump further comprising a cylinder and a piston slidably engaged with said cylinder for reciprocating movement occurring along an axis, whereby said reciprocating movement generates an alternating pressure in the hood body on the breast to express milk therefrom; a first manually operated mechanism mounted to said breast pump for generating said reciprocating movement of said piston pump, said first mechanism having a member that is moved by hand in a direction generally radial to said axis during one stroke of said reciprocating movement, and further said first mechanism being operable by the user using one hand to both operate said first mechanism and to maintain said breast pump in position against her breast; a second mechanism for generating said reciprocating movement of said piston pump, whereby said second mechanism moves in a direction generally parallel to said axis during one stroke of said reciprocating movement, and further said second mechanism being operable by the user using one hand to operate said second mechanism and another hand to maintain said breast pump in position against her breast; and a container for expressed milk in communication with said funnel-shaped portion, said container being located downstream from said funnel-shaped portion.
 2. The breast pump of claim 1, wherein said first mechanism further comprises, a lever pivotally connected to a piston rod having said piston thereon for movement of said lever in a direction generally radial to said axis, whereby said lever causes said piston rod to reciprocate said piston within said cylinder.
 3. The breast pump of claim 2, whereby the starting position of said lever is a distance from said cylinder sufficient to generate negative pressure when said lever is manipulated to generate reciprocating movement of said piston in said cylinder, but within sufficient proximity of said cylinder to permit the user to grasp both said cylinder and said lever with one hand while maintaining the breast pump in the proper position on her breast with the same hand, said lever being pivotably mounted to said piston rod and engaging a part of said cylinder as a fulcrum.
 4. The breast pump of claim 2, further including a mechanism for returning said lever to a starting position whereby negative pressure is released.
 5. The breast pump of claim 1, wherein said second mechanism comprises a device connected to said piston, said device being graspable by the user and being driven generally along said axis to move said piston.
 6. The breast pump of claim 1, wherein said axis is generally perpendicular to the user's breast.
 7. The breast pump of claim 5, wherein said device is a grip formed on said piston rod, whereby said extension protrudes outwardly from said cylinder when said piston rod is fully received within said cylinder.
 8. A manually operated breast pump, comprising: a hood body for placement over a breast, said hood body having a funnel-shaped portion within which the breast is received and a tubular extension, the front end of said tubular extension connecting to said funnel-shaped portion; a pumping mechanism connecting with said tubular extension, said pumping mechanism further comprising a cylinder and a piston slidably engaged with said cylinder for reciprocating movement occurring along an axis, whereby said reciprocating movement generates an alternating pressure at the breast to express milk therefrom; a lever mechanism mounted to said breast pump for generating said reciprocating movement of said pumping mechanism, whereby said lever mechanism moves in a direction generally radial to the longitudinal axis of the pumping mechanism during a stroke of said reciprocating movement, and further said lever mechanism and said cylinder being graspable by the user using one hand to both operate said lever mechanism and to maintain said breast pump in position against her breast; a lever return mechanism for returning said lever mechanism to a starting position whereby negative pressure is released; one of said cylinder and said piston having a part that can be grasped and manually moved to also generate said reciprocating movement independent of said lever mechanism; and a container for expressed milk in communication with said tubular extension, said container being located downstream from said tubular extension.
 9. The breast pump of claim 8, wherein said lever mechanism further comprises a lever pivotally connected to a piston rod for movement of said lever in a direction radial to said axis during a stroke of said reciprocating movement of said pumping mechanism, whereby said lever causes said piston rod to travel along said axis of said pumping mechanism in a direction away from the user's breast when said lever is moved toward said cylinder.
 10. The breast pump of claim 9, whereby the starting position of said lever is a distance from said cylinder sufficient to generate negative pressure when said lever is manipulated to generate reciprocating movement of said piston in said cylinder, but within sufficient proximity of said cylinder to permit the user to encircle said lever with her fingertips while maintaining contact with said cylinder.
 11. The breast pump of claim 10, wherein said lever is pivotally mounted on the rear end of said piston rod by a pin and engages a part of said cylinder as a fulcrum.
 12. A manually operated breast pump, comprising: a hood body for placement over a breast, said hood body having a funnel-shaped portion within which the breast is received and a tubular extension, the front end of said tubular extension connecting to said funnel-shaped portion; a pumping mechanism connecting with said tubular extension, said pumping mechanism further comprising a cylinder and a piston slidably engaged with said cylinder for reciprocating movement occurring along an axis, whereby said reciprocating movement generates an alternating pressure at the breast to express milk therefrom; a lever mechanism mounted to said breast pump for generating said reciprocating movement of said pumping mechanism, whereby said lever mechanism moves in a direction generally radial to the longitudinal axis of the pumping mechanism during a stroke of said reciprocating movement, and further said lever mechanism and said cylinder being graspable by the user using one hand to both operate said lever mechanism and to maintain said breast pump in position against her breast, wherein said lever mechanism further comprises a lever pivotally mounted on a piston rod, said lever engaging a part of said cylinder as a fulcrum for movement of said lever in a direction radial to said axis during a stroke of said reciprocating movement of said pumping mechanism, whereby said lever causes said piston rod to travel along said axis of said pumping mechanism in a direction away from the user's breast when said lever is moved toward said cylinder; and a lever return mechanism for returning said lever mechanism to a starting position whereby negative pressure is released.
 13. A vacuum regulator for a breast pump, comprising: a nub having at least one port, said nub being in communication with a volume of said breast pump within which a negative pressure is periodically generated; and a rotary member having an internal groove, said rotary member being rotatably received over said nub, whereby said internal groove of said rotary member is open to atmosphere and is selectively positionable over said at least one port of said nub to adjust vacuum pressure by allowing air to pass to said volume when over said port and not to pass when not over said port.
 14. The vacuum regulator of claim 13, wherein said rotary member can be manipulated by a single finger of the user.
 15. The vacuum regulator of claim 14, wherein said vacuum regulator further comprises a plurality of raised formations on the outer surface of said rotary member, at least one but not all of said raised formations being positioned over said internal groove, said formations indicating the varying positions of the internal groove over said ports.
 16. The vacuum regulator of claim 15, wherein said vacuum regulator is located on a hood body of a breast pump.
 17. The vacuum regulator of claim 16, wherein said one or more ports of said nub are in communication with the interior of said hood body.
 18. A breast pump comprising: a hood body having a funnel-shaped portion within which a breast is received; and a vacuum regulator located on said hood body.
 19. The breast pump of claim 18, said vacuum regulator further comprising: a ported structure having one or more ports, said one or more ports being in communication with the interior of said hood body; a rotary member rotatably received on said ported structure, said rotary member having an internal groove selectively positionable over said one or more ports, said internal groove being in communication with the atmosphere; and a plurality of raised formations on the surface of said rotary member, said formations indicating the varying positions of the internal groove over said ports.
 20. The breast pump of claim 19, wherein said ported structure is a nub and said rotary member is capable of being rotated with a single finger of the breast pump user during operation of said breast pump.
 21. The breast pump of claim 19, wherein said vacuum regulator is positioned within a cavity having two ends formed on the outer surface of said hood body, said nub being at one end of said cavity with said rotary member having one end received on said nub and another end of said rotary member being received on a boss at the other end of said cavity.
 22. A breast pump comprising: a hood body for placement over a breast, said hood body having a funnel-shaped portion within which the breast is received and a tubular extension, the front end of said tubular extension connecting to said funnel-shaped portion; a pumping mechanism connecting with said tubular extension, said pumping mechanism further comprising a cylinder and a piston slidably engaged within said cylinder for reciprocating movement, whereby said reciprocating movement generates alternating pressure at the breast to express milk therefrom; a container for expressed milk in communication with said tubular extension, said container being located downstream from said tubular extension and having an inlet and an outlet; and a vacuum regulator formed on said hood body, said vacuum regulator further comprising a nub having at least one port, said nub being in communication with a volume of said breast pump within which a negative pressure is periodically generated; and a rotary member having an internal groove, said rotary member being rotatably received over said nub, whereby said internal groove of said rotary member is open to atmosphere and is selectively positionable over said at least one port of said nub to adjust vacuum pressure by allowing air to pass to said volume when over said port and not to pass when not over said port.
 23. The breast pump of claim 22, further comprising a locking mechanism to prevent said piston from accidentally disengaging from said cylinder.
 24. The breast pump of claim 9, further comprising a locking mechanism to prevent said piston rod from accidentally disengaging from said cylinder, including: an elongated channel formed on said cylinder generally parallel with said axis; and a pin extending from said piston rod, said pin engaging in said channel and remaining positioned within said elongated channel when said piston rod is reciprocated within said cylinder.
 25. The breast pump of claim 24, further comprising a J-shaped channel formed on said cylinder and in communication with said elongated channel, one end of said J-shaped section extending to an open end of said cylinder, said elongated channel having ends that are closed; whereby said pin can travel from said elongated channel into said J-shaped section upon rotation of said piston rod within said cylinder, permitting selective disengagement of said piston rod from said cylinder.
 26. A manual breast pump for one-handed or two-handed operation, comprising: a hood body for placement over a breast, said hood body having a funnel-shaped portion within which the breast is received; a pumping mechanism comprising a cylinder and a piston rod driving a piston slidably engaged within said cylinder for reciprocating movement, whereby said reciprocating movement generates alternating pressure at the breast to express milk therefrom; a lever pivotally mounted on said piston rod for reciprocating said piston rod within said cylinder, said lever moving in a direction generally radial to a longitudinal axis of said piston rod during a portion of the reciprocating movement of said piston rod, wherein the starting position of said lever for reciprocating said piston rod is a distance from said cylinder that permits the user to manipulate said lever with one hand while maintaining the breast pump in the proper position on her breast; a spring for returning said lever to a starting position whereby negative pressure is released, wherein one end of said spring is secured to a support extending from the rear end of said piston rod and the other end of said spring is secured to said piston rod at a distance away from said support sufficient to cause said spring to be in relaxed position when said lever is a starting position and in a stretched position when said lever is in a position adjacent to said cylinder; a chamber for expressed milk in communication with said funnel-shaped portion, said chamber being located downstream from said funnel-shaped portion; and an extension of said piston rod, said extension protruding outwardly from said cylinder when said piston rod is fully received within said cylinder and adapted to permit a user to grasp said extension to reciprocate said piston rod within said cylinder by reciprocating said extension.
 27. A manual breast pump, comprising: a hood body for placement over a breast, said hood body having a funnel-shaped portion within which the breast is received; a tubular pump part connecting with said funnel-shaped portion; a cylinder having a closed end sealingly and slidably engaged over said tubular pump part for reciprocating movement, whereby said reciprocating movement generates an alternating pressure at the breast to express milk therefrom; said tubular pump part and said cylinder being aligned in a plane substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of said hood body, thereby causing said reciprocating movement to occur substantially perpendicular to the user's breast; and a container for expressed milk in communication with said hood body, said container being located downstream from said hood body.
 28. The breast pump of claim 27, further comprising a locking mechanism having an articulated channel positioned on one of said tubular pump part and said cylinder, said articulated channel having an elongated main channel generally parallel to said axis and a secondary channel intersecting said main channel, and a pin extending from the other of said tubular pump part and said cylinder, said pin being positioned within said main channel when said cylinder is reciprocated over said tubular pump part, and is removable from said secondary channel for separating said tubular pump part from said cylinder.
 29. The breast pump of claim 28, wherein said main channel and said secondary channel comprise: two parallel channels connected by an intersecting channel, all of said channels being positioned on said tubular pump part, with said main channel being closed at both ends thereof, and said secondary channel having an opening located near the rear end of said tubular pump part, and a pin extending from an interior wall of said cylinder, whereby said pin is positioned and remains within said main channel when said cylinder is reciprocated over said tubular pump part, but can travel from said main channel through said intersecting channel to said opening upon rotation of said cylinder, permitting the selective disengagement of said cylinder from said tubular pump part.
 30. The breast pump of claim 28, further comprising a vacuum regulator positioned on said hood body, whereby said vacuum regulator adjusts the amount of negative pressure created by said reciprocating movement during the pumping process.
 31. The breast pump of claim 30, wherein said vacuum regulator further comprises: a nub having one or more ports, said nub being positioned in a cavity on the outer wall of said hood body, said one or more ports being in communication with an interior volume of said hood body within which a periodic negative pressure is developed, and a rotary member having an internal groove in communication with the atmosphere, said rotary member rotatably received over said nub, whereby said rotary member rotates about said nub, variously exposing none, one and more ports to ambient air.
 32. The breast pump of claim 31, wherein said rotary member further comprises a plurality of raised formations on the outer surface of said rotary member indicating the varying positions of the internal groove over said one or more ports.
 33. The breast pump of claim 27, further comprising a vacuum regulator formed on said hood body, whereby said vacuum regulator further comprises: a ported structure having at least one port in communication with an interior volume of said hood body; and a rotary member rotatably received on said ported structure, said rotary member having an internal groove selectively positionable over none, one and more of said ports and being in communication with the atmosphere.
 34. The breast pump of claim 27, further comprising a flexible gasket on said tubular pump part forming an air seal between said tubular pump part and said cylinder, and wherein the diameter of said cylinder is increased at a position overlying the rear end of said tubular pump part when said cylinder is fully engaged over said tubular pump part, whereby no significant pressure is exerted on said gasket positioned on the rear end of said tubular pump part where said cylinder and tubular part are fully overlapped. 